How do linear actuators work

Linear actuators are devices that create motion in a straight line (unlike electric motors that spin in a circle). They basically **convert energy** — usually electrical, but sometimes hydraulic or pneumatic — **into straight movement**.

Here’s the basic idea depending on the type:

- **Electric linear actuators**:  

 A motor spins a screw (usually a lead screw or ball screw). As the screw turns, a nut threaded onto the screw moves back and forth, pushing or pulling a rod (the actuator shaft) out or in.  

 ➔ Think of it like a motor-driven corkscrew moving a wine cork straight up or down!

- **Hydraulic linear actuators**:  

 Pressurized fluid (oil) pushes a piston inside a cylinder, making the piston rod extend or retract.  

 ➔ Super strong — used in things like excavators and heavy machinery.

- **Pneumatic linear actuators**:  

 Same idea as hydraulic, but uses compressed air instead of oil.  

 ➔ Quicker and cleaner, but less powerful.

They’re used in tons of things: robotics, adjustable desks, hospital beds, satellites — pretty much anywhere you need controlled, straight-line movement.